Abstract:
The Test of Everyday Reasoning was administered to two groups of students
at GRCC in the spring 2003. The test was given to first year students and
second year students. This was an effort to establish a baseline of critical
thinking skill data. The results indicated that students at GRCC improved their
critical thinking skills from the first year of attendance to the second year.
Results indicated that there was significant growth of skill from the first to
second year student.
Results
Critical Thinking TestN = 103
|
|
|
GRCC Scores Compared to the National Norm |
|
|
|
|
GRCC1 |
%tile |
|
Total Score |
20.5 |
46th~47th |
|
Analytical |
5.68 |
~50th |
|
Inference |
8.77 |
~45th |
|
Evaluation |
6.07 |
~50th |
|
Deduction |
10.69 |
~48th |
|
Induction |
9.84 |
~42th |
Figure
Average Raw Score by Gender
|
|
|
Average
of Total |
|
|
Gender |
Total |
|
F |
20.2 |
|
M |
20.5 |
|
(blank) |
21.0 |
|
Grand
Total |
20.5 |
|
Test Section |
Gender |
Percentage Score |
|
Analytical |
F |
62% |
|
|
M |
62% |
|
|
Blank |
67% |
|
Inference |
F |
57% |
|
|
M |
59% |
|
|
Blank |
60% |
|
Evaluation |
F |
54% |
|
|
M |
56% |
|
|
Blank |
55% |
|
Deduction |
F |
56% |
|
|
M |
56% |
|
|
Blank |
58% |
|
Induction |
F |
60% |
|
|
M |
62% |
|
|
Blank |
63% |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||
Average Raw Score by Group |
|
||||
|
Average
of Total |
|
|
|||
|
Group |
Total |
|
|||
|
0 |
18.3 |
|
|||
|
1 |
20.6 |
|
|||
|
* |
20.3 |
|
|||
|
Grand
Total |
20.5 |
|
|||
Average Percentile by Group |
|
|
Average
of prcntl |
|
|
Group |
Total |
|
0 |
38.3 |
|
1 |
49.5 |
|
* |
48.7 |
|
Grand
Total |
49.1 |
|
Total Pre-Test Raw Score Descriptive Statistics |
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
20.52427 |
|
Standard
Error |
0.610656 |
|
Median |
21 |
|
Mode |
21 |
|
Standard
Deviation |
6.197477 |
|
Sample
Variance |
38.40872 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.77168 |
|
Skewness |
-0.09814 |
|
Range |
24 |
|
Minimum |
8 |
|
Maximum |
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Critical Thinking Post Test
N= 57
Raw Scores
|
Test Categories |
Post Test Scores |
|
Overall |
23.719 |
|
Anal |
6.649 |
|
Infer |
10.281 |
|
Eval |
6.789 |
|
Deduct |
12.439 |
|
Induc |
11.281 |
|
Average of Total |
|
|
Gender |
Total |
|
F |
23.3 |
|
M |
25.4 |
|
(blank) |
23.8 |
|
Grand Total |
23.7 |
|
Data |
Gender |
Total |
|
|
|
Average of Infer |
F |
10.1 |
67% |
|
|
|
M |
10.7 |
72% |
|
|
|
(blank) |
10.8 |
72% |
|
|
Average
of Anal |
F |
6.6 |
73% |
|
|
|
M |
7.2 |
80% |
|
|
|
(blank) |
6.3 |
70% |
|
|
Average
of Eval |
F |
6.6 |
60% |
|
|
|
M |
7.5 |
68% |
|
|
|
(blank) |
6.7 |
61% |
|
|
Average
of Deduc |
F |
12.0 |
63% |
|
|
|
M |
13.8 |
73% |
|
|
|
(blank) |
12.8 |
68% |
|
|
Average
of Induc |
F |
11.3 |
70% |
|
|
|
M |
11.5 |
72% |
|
|
|
(blank) |
11.0 |
69% |
|
|
Total
Average of Infer |
10.3 |
69% |
|
|
|
Total
Average of Anal |
6.6 |
74% |
|
|
|
Total
Average of Eval |
6.8 |
62% |
|
|
|
Total
Average of Deduc |
12.4 |
65% |
|
|
|
Total
Average of Induc |
11.3 |
71% |
|
|
Total Raw Score by Group
|
Average of Total |
|
|
Group |
Total |
|
0 |
29.0 |
|
1 |
21.4 |
|
2 |
24.7 |
|
7 |
32.0 |
|
* |
15.5 |
|
Grand Total |
23.7 |
|
Average of prcntl |
|
|
Group |
Total |
|
0 |
89.0 |
|
1 |
51.7 |
|
2 |
65.7 |
|
7 |
97.0 |
|
* |
29.5 |
|
Grand Total |
61.7 |
|
Total Posttest Descriptive
Statistics |
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
23.71929825 |
|
Standard Error |
0.713613763 |
|
Median |
24 |
|
Mode |
21 |
|
Standard Deviation |
5.387665761 |
|
Sample Variance |
29.02694236 |
|
Kurtosis |
0.244472401 |
|
Skewness |
0.113827587 |
|
Range |
25 |
|
Minimum |
10 |
|
Maximum |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comparison of Pre-Post Test Scores
Raw Score Means
|
|
Pre |
Post |
|
Overall |
20.524 |
23.719 |
|
Analytical |
5.68 |
6.649 |
|
Inference |
8.777 |
10.281 |
|
Evaluation |
6.068 |
6.789 |
|
Deduction |
10.689 |
12.439 |
|
Induction |
9.835 |
11.281 |
Critical Thinking Pre/Post Test Scores Percentage |
||
|
Test
Section |
Pre |
Post |
|
Inference |
59% |
69% |
|
Analytical |
63% |
74% |
|
Evaluation |
55% |
62% |
|
Deduction |
56% |
75% |
|
Induction |
61% |
71% |
Figures
T-test Comparison for Significance
Paired
Samples Statistics
|
|
Mean |
N |
Std.
Deviation |
Std.
Error Mean |
|
|
Pair 1 |
PRE |
10.26217 |
6 |
5.412262 |
2.209547 |
| POST |
11.85967 |
6 |
6.271669 |
2.560398 |
|
Paired Samples Test
|
|
Paired
Differences |
t |
df |
Sig.
(2-tailed) |
|||||
| Mean |
Std.
Deviation |
Std.
Error Mean |
95%
Confidence Interval of the Difference |
||||||
| Lower |
Upper |
||||||||
| Pair 1 |
PRE - POST |
-1.59750 |
.868357 |
.354505 |
-2.50879 |
-.68621 |
*-4.506 |
5 |
.006 |
* indicates a significant difference
between means
The results of the paired sample T-test indicate there is a
significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups tested.